![]() ![]() The key to the innovation is reducing the drag of the wing through use of an alternative bell-shaped spanload, as opposed to the conventional elliptical spanload. The Armstrong team (supported by a large contingent of NASA Aeronautics Academy interns) built upon the 1933 research of the German engineer Ludwig Prandtl to design and validate a scale model of a non-elliptical loaded wing that reduces drag and increases efficiency. This wing design further reduces drag due to lift at the same time. Initial results from flight experiments at Armstrong demonstrated that this wing design unequivocally established proverse yaw. ![]() Proverse yaw-yawing in the same direction as a turn-would optimize aircraft performance. As an aircraft turns, differential drag of the left and right wings while banking contributes to aircraft yaw. Adverse yaw, present in current aircraft design, is the adverse horizontal movement around a vertical axis of an aircraft the yaw opposes the direction of a turn. ![]()
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